2020年的赢家

首先

马里居多
bet365亚洲官网

微生物代谢组学:从粪便到生物塑料

文摘:
My research aims to characterize metabolomes within undefined mixed microbial consortia (MMC) to better understand what factors inhibit and/or enhance efficient conversion of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) into polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), 一种用于生物可降解塑料的化合物. I apply Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics methods to uncover “feast” PHA metabolisms of MMC cultured on fermented dairy manure; “feast” metabolisms induced under aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) remain poorly understood, 只有有限的分子水平的探索. 

These results will enhance understanding of MMC cultured on real wastewaters, 合成pha时的MMC代谢组动力学, 更好地描述“饥饱并存”的反应, 并确定PHA合成的关键代谢物. Producing bioplastics from dairy manure utilizing MMC can provide a sustainable solution to help alleviate environmental challenges associated with manure nutrient runoff, 遏制石油塑料污染. 

玛丽贝尔·阿尔法罗(马里居多)是民事专业的学生 & 环境工程专业. Erik外套.

第二位

瑞秋Phinney
博伊西州立大学

“Agricultural Workplace Compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Worker Protection Standard: An Idaho Analysis ”

文摘:
Farmworkers are at a high risk for occupational pesticide exposure and pesticide-related illness. The Environmental Protection Agency’s Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is the primary set of federal regulations aimed at reducing pesticide exposure among farmworkers, but available data is limited regarding the extent to which agricultural employers comply with the WPS.  

The Idaho State Department of Agriculture (ISDA) is responsible for conducting WPS compliance inspections in Idaho, during which ISDA staff indicate whether an agricultural employer is in compliance with each component of the WPS. 

We analyze and describe the results of 832 WPS compliance inspections conducted by the ISDA at agricultural establishments (farms, 森林, 托儿所, 和温室)在2001-2019年之间. 特别是, we describe spatial and temporal compliance trends and those components of the WPS with which agricultural employers were least compliant. 

瑞秋Phinney is a master's student in 健康 Sciences studying under Dr. Cynnie旋度.

第三位

迪伦戈麦斯
博伊西州立大学

“Phantom Rivers: How Wildlife Respond to a Landscape-Scale Noise Playback Experiment”

文摘:
人为噪音的影响.g. 交通噪音对野生动物的影响被认为是广泛而负面的. However, we know next to nothing about the evolutionary context of this disturbance. 而人为噪音是一种相对较新的干扰, animals have evolved in naturally noisy areas since the origins of hearing organs, making it likely to be an important niche axis that structures animal communities. 许多鸟类, 蝙蝠, 昆虫用声音来寻找配偶, 躲避捕食者, and find prey – thus are likely to be affected by river noise in various ways. 我概述了一个多年, 大规模的, noise playback experiment in the Rocky Mountains of Idaho aimed at understanding how natural sources of whitewater river noise affect these animal communities, 以及捕食者和猎物之间的相互作用.

迪伦戈麦斯 is a doctoral student in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior studying under Dr. 杰西的理发师. 

人民选择

Averi L. 麦克法兰
爱达荷州立大学

“Manganese influences production of protective capsule in Pneumonia causing bacteria”

文摘:

Many pathogenic bacteria, including the major upper respiratory pathogen 链球菌引起的肺炎, produce a protective capsular polysaccharide (CPS) essential for virulence. 在最初的殖民时期 S. 肺炎, the CPS must be thin enough to allow adherence to mammalian host cells. As the bacteria progresses into the lungs and invades the circulatory system, the CPS must be thick enough to resist host defenses such as phagocytosis.

迄今为止，对CPS生产的监管机制尚不清楚. 给n the need for pneumococcus to modulate CPS expression in various host niches, it has been postulated that environmental factors such as nutrient availability including metal ions may influence this regulation. We hypothesize that intracellular Mn homeostasis plays a critical role in modulating CPS production via activation of key Mn-requiring enzymes, such as the regulatory phosphotyrosine phosphatase CpsB and/or the phosphoglucomutase Pgm whose reaction provides a precursor sugar for CPS formation.

Our results show that increases in intracellular manganese (Mn) concentrations boost CPS production in S. 肺炎，而锰限制则产生相反的效果. 采用无金属镁-呋喃-2竞争分析法, 我们发现apo-CpsB和apo-Pgm蛋白都可以结合两个Mn²⁺ ions, with the second binding event possibly dictating activation of the enzyme. 此外, we demonstrate that hyperactivation of CpsB during Mn-stress does not promote aberrant dephosphorylation of the kinase CpsD suggesting that other factors are involved in regulating CPS production. 额外的 研究表明 Mn²⁺ enhances Pgm specific activity, but not other divalent metal cations tested. These results suggest a role for Mn homeostasis in the regulation of CPS biogenesis via hyperactivation of Pgm by Mn²⁺ thereby increasing sugar flux through the capsule biosynthesis pathway to increase capsule thickness. 这揭示了……的另一个重要方面 S. 肺炎 维持最佳的细胞内锰浓度.

Averi 麦克法兰 is a student from Rexburg, ID in Microbiology studying under Dr. 茱莉亚•马丁.