跳蚤甲虫

Flea beetles are generally quite small, usually around 1/16-1/8 inch (1.5-3.2毫米)长. 成年跳蚤甲虫的外观各不相同, 颜色范围从黑色到灰色到棕色到蓝色, and some species are uniform in color while others have stripes or other patterning (图1 and 图2). Many species tend to be somewhat metallic and most have large hind legs that allow them to jump when disturbed (giving them their name).

未成熟的蚤甲虫(幼虫)很小, 身体呈白色或微透明, 头部呈褐色，外观呈蠕虫状(图3). Larvae are soil-dwelling and pupate in the soil as well. 卵在寄主植物附近的土壤中产卵.

监控

Deploy yellow sticky traps as soon as seedlings emerge, and visually scout for flea beetles and flea beetle damage. 损害 often occurs first near field borders where adults may be entering from overwintering sites in cruciferous weeds. Adult emergence usually runs from early April through mid-June. As seedlings are particularly sensitive to flea beetle damage, monitor seedlings closely or consider row covers in garden settings.

经济阈值:

• 在土豆, consider taking action if levels of defoliation reach 10-30%, or if 10 or more flea beetle adults are collected per 50 sweeps of a standard 15-inch sweep net.
• 在油菜, yield losses are thought to occur after 25% of leaf area is damaged, 所以考虑这个阈值的治疗.
• 在紫花苜蓿, monitor seedlings from the cotyledon to first leaf stages weekly, treating if flea beetle damage is causing significant stand loss (reducing stands to less than 10-20 plants per square foot). Once plants have matured to have several true leaves or more, they can tolerate a few beetles per plant without sustaining economic damage.
• 适合家庭花园, consider taking action if levels of defoliation reach 10-30%, 或者每株植物中发现一到五只跳蚤甲虫. Brassicas in particular can suffer severe damage in a short span of time, to monitor for flea beetles closely and consider harvesting if severe infestation occurs.

管理

主要管理策略

In most crops and home gardens, flea beetles do not often inflict economic damage. In many commercial crops systemic insecticides applied to manage other pests usually keep flea beetles below economic thresholds.

物理

• 适合家庭花园, 在脆弱的苗期考虑行盖, 在花期摘掉以便授粉
• Consider harvesting brassicas at first sign of flea beetle outbreak

文化

• 控制田地和花园周围的杂草宿主
• Rotate crops out of flea beetles preferred hosts to help disrupt the flea beetle life cycle
• 种植旱金菊或其他芸苔属植物

生物

• Conserve natural enemies by limiting use of broad-spectrum insecticides
• 白僵菌, live spore of a fungus that are available as a spray, may help manage adults

化学

• Foliar insecticide treatments can target adults, and should be applied before egg laying occurs
• Soil and seed treatments can control both larvae and adults
• 考虑对受损部位进行现场处理, as flea beetle infestations are often localized to field edges
• Recommendations for pesticides to use in the management of flea beetle can be found on the 新界西北有害生物管理手册 网站

农药的警告

总是 read and follow the instructions printed on the pesticide label. The pesticide recommendations in this University of Idaho webpage do not substitute for instructions on the label. Pesticide laws and labels change frequently and may have changed since this publication was written. Some pesticides may have been withdrawn or had certain uses prohibited. 小心使用农药. 不要使用农药，除非特定的植物, animal or other application site is specifically listed on the label. Store pesticides in their original containers and keep them out of the reach of children, 宠物和牲畜.

贸易名称 -为了简化信息，使用了商品名称. No endorsement of named products is intended nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned.

地下水 -保护地下水, 当有杀虫剂的选择时, the applicator should use the product least likely to leach.

拿破仑情史Wickwar，昆虫学家，IPM项目经理
2023